Structure principle and classification of optical fiber sensor

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【概要描述】1. Structure principle of optical fiber sensor The traditional sensor based on electricity is a device that converts the measured state into measurable electrical signals. Its power supply, sensitive components, signal receiving and processing system and information transmission are all connected with metal wires. Optical fiber sensor is a device that converts the measured state into a measurable optical signal. It is composed of optical transmitter, sensing element (optical fiber or non-optical fiber), optical receiver, signal processing system and optical fiber. The light emitted by the optical transmitter is guided to the sensitive element through the source optical fiber. At this time, a certain property of the light is modulated by the measured, and the modulated light is coupled to the optical receiver through the receiving fiber, so that the optical signal is converted into an electrical signal, and finally the desired measured signal is obtained through signal processing. It can be seen that the optical fiber sensor is essentially different from the traditional sensor based on electricity in measuring principle. Traditional sensors are based on mechanical-electrical measurement, while optical fiber sensors are based on optical measurement. Light is a kind of electromagnetic wave, whose wavelength ranges from 1 mm in the far infrared to 10 nm in the far ultraviolet. Its physical and biochemical effects are mainly caused by the electric field. Therefore, when discussing the sensitive measurement of light, we must consider the vibration of the electric vector E of light, namely A - amplitude vector of electric field E; ω—— Vibration frequency of light wave; φ—— Optical phase; T - propagation time of light. It can be seen that as long as one of the parameters such as the intensity, polarization state (direction of vector A), frequency and phase of the light changes with the change of the measured state, or is modulated by the measured state, then the required measured information can be obtained by adjusting the intensity modulation, polarization modulation, frequency modulation or phase modulation of the light. 2. Classification of optical fiber sensors Note: MM multimode; SM single mode; PM polarization maintenance; a. B, c functional type, non-functional type, pickup type

1. Structure principle of optical fiber sensor
The traditional sensor based on electricity is a device that converts the measured state into measurable electrical signals. Its power supply, sensitive components, signal receiving and processing system and information transmission are all connected with metal wires. Optical fiber sensor is a device that converts the measured state into a measurable optical signal. It is composed of optical transmitter, sensing element (optical fiber or non-optical fiber), optical receiver, signal processing system and optical fiber.
The light emitted by the optical transmitter is guided to the sensitive element through the source optical fiber. At this time, a certain property of the light is modulated by the measured, and the modulated light is coupled to the optical receiver through the receiving fiber, so that the optical signal is converted into an electrical signal, and finally the desired measured signal is obtained through signal processing.
It can be seen that the optical fiber sensor is essentially different from the traditional sensor based on electricity in measuring principle. Traditional sensors are based on mechanical-electrical measurement, while optical fiber sensors are based on optical measurement.
Light is a kind of electromagnetic wave, whose wavelength ranges from 1 mm in the far infrared to 10 nm in the far ultraviolet. Its physical and biochemical effects are mainly caused by the electric field. Therefore, when discussing the sensitive measurement of light, we must consider the vibration of the electric vector E of light, namely
A - amplitude vector of electric field E; ω—— Vibration frequency of light wave;
φ—— Optical phase; T - propagation time of light.
It can be seen that as long as one of the parameters such as the intensity, polarization state (direction of vector A), frequency and phase of the light changes with the change of the measured state, or is modulated by the measured state, then the required measured information can be obtained by adjusting the intensity modulation, polarization modulation, frequency modulation or phase modulation of the light.
2. Classification of optical fiber sensors
Note: MM multimode; SM single mode; PM polarization maintenance; a. B, c functional type, non-functional type, pickup type

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