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What is the difference between machine vision system and machine vision sensor?

The machine vision sensor is designed to facilitate installation and deployment, so that factory personnel can usually complete the setting and configuration without a lot of external assistance. If the imaging work only needs simple/no judgment, then the company may need a vision sensor, while the machine vision system needs more professional knowledge and needs to invest a lot of time and money to complete the configuration, installation and training, Usually, companies will rely on third-party integrators with rich professional experience in visual systems. What are the differences between them? Let's understand: 1. The visual sensor is responsible for performing simple detection, such as answering simple "yes" questions on the production line. 2. The vision system is responsible for completing some complex tasks, such as helping the robot arm to weld parts in an automated factory. 3. The machine vision sensor can collect the light wave of the camera lens and convert the light data into pixels that generate digital images together with the digital signal processor (DSP). The software analyzes the pixel pattern and displays the key data of the object taken. Many automatic factory tasks require simple and direct vision sensor data: • Presence or absence - determine whether there are parts in the sensor's field of vision? If the sensor answers yes, the machine vision software allows the part to be moved to the correct position in the production process. • Inspection - determine whether the parts are damaged or defective? If the sensor sees a defect, the part will be removed from production. • Optical character recognition (OCR) - determine whether the part has a specific word or text? Answering this question helps the automated system sort products by brand name or product description.

2023

01-06

Composition of industrial machine vision system

With the development of industrial automation, the application of industrial machine vision system will also be more and more extensive. In addition, the rapid development of digital image sensors, CMOS and CCD cameras, DSP, FPGA, ARM and other embedded technologies, image processing and pattern recognition technologies will also bring a huge boost to the development of machine vision inspection. Here is a brief introduction of the main components of industrial machine vision system: 1. Camera and optical components This category usually contains one or more cameras and lenses (optical components) for photographing the detected object. According to the application, the camera can be based on the following standards: black and white, composite color (Y/C), RGB color, non-standard black and white (variable scan), step scan or line scan. 2. Lights The light of industrial machine vision system is used to illuminate components, so as to capture better images from the camera. The light system can be in different shapes, sizes and brightness. The general light forms are high-frequency fluorescent lamps, LED, incandescent lamps and quartz halide optical fibers. 3. Component sensor It usually appears in the form of grating or sensor. When the sensor senses that the component is close, it will give a trigger signal. When the component is in the correct position, the sensor will tell the machine vision system to collect the image. 4. Image acquisition card Also known as video capture card, this part is usually a card inserted on the PC. The function of this capture card is to connect the camera with the PC. It obtains data (analog signal or digital signal) from the camera and then converts it into information that the PC can process. Industrial machine vision system can also provide signals to control camera parameters (such as trigger, exposure time, shutter speed, etc.). There are many types of image capture cards, Support different types of cameras and different computer buses.

2023

01-06

Linear range and stability of ultrasonic sensor

Linear range: the linear range of the sensor refers to the range in which the output is proportional to the input. In theory, within this range, the sensitivity remains constant. The wider the linear range of the sensor is, the larger its range is, and can ensure a certain measurement accuracy. When selecting the sensor, when the type of sensor is determined, the first thing to see is whether its range meets the requirements. However, in fact, any sensor can not guarantee the linearity, and its linearity is also relative. When the required measurement accuracy is relatively low, within a certain range, the sensor with small nonlinear error can be regarded as linear, which will bring great convenience to the measurement. Stability: The ability of the sensor to keep its performance unchanged after a period of use is called stability. The factors that affect the long-term stability of the sensor are not only the layout of the sensor itself, but also the use environment of the sensor. Therefore, to make the sensor have good stability, the sensor must have strong adaptability to the environment. Before selecting the sensor, its use environment should be investigated, Select appropriate sensors according to the specific use environment, or take appropriate measures to reduce the impact of the environment. The stability of the ultrasonic sensor has quantitative indicators. After the service life, it should be re-calibrated before use to determine whether the performance of the sensor has changed. In some places where the sensor is required to be used for a long time, but cannot be easily replaced or calibrated, the stability of the selected sensor is more strict and can withstand the test for a long time. Frequency response characteristics: the frequency response characteristics of the ultrasonic sensor determine the frequency range to be measured, and must remain undistorted within the allowable frequency range. In fact, the response of the sensor always has a fixed delay. It is hoped that the shorter the delay time is, the better the frequency response of the sensor is, the wider the measurable signal frequency range is. In dynamic measurement, the response characteristics of the signal, such as steady state, transient, random, etc, Avoid excessive errors. Accuracy: It is an important performance index of the sensor, and it is an important link related to the measurement accuracy of the whole measurement system. The higher the accuracy of the ultrasonic sensor, the more expensive its cost is. Therefore, the accuracy of the sensor can meet the accuracy requirements of the whole measurement system as long as it does not have to be too high, so that the relatively cheap and simple sensor accessories can be selected from many sensors that meet the same measurement purpose. If the measurement purpose is qualitative analysis, the sensor with high repetition accuracy can be selected, and the sensor with high measurement accuracy should not be selected; If it is necessary to obtain the measured value for quantitative analysis, it is necessary to select the sensor whose accuracy grade can meet the requirements. For some special places where it is impossible to select the appropriate sensor, it is necessary to design and manufacture the sensor by itself. The performance of the self-made sensor should meet the use requirements.

2023

01-06

Precautions for use of proximity switch

The proximity switch, also known as contactless proximity switch, is an ideal electronic switch sensor. When the metal detector approaches the sensing area of the switch, the switch can send out electrical instructions without contact, pressure and spark, and accurately reflect the position and travel of the moving mechanism. That is, it is used for general travel control. Its positioning accuracy, operating frequency, service life, convenience of installation and adjustment, and adaptability to harsh environment, It is incomparable with general mechanical travel switch. It is widely used in machine tool, metallurgy, chemical industry, light textile, printing and other industries. It can be used as limit, count, positioning control and automatic protection link in automatic control system. In general industrial production sites, eddy current proximity switches and capacitive proximity switches are usually selected because of the low environmental requirements of these two proximity switches. When the measured object is a conductive object or an object that can be fixed on a metal object, eddy current proximity switches are generally selected because of its high response frequency, good environmental interference resistance, wide application range and low price. If the measured object is non-metal (or metal), liquid level height, powder height, plastic, tobacco, etc., the capacitive proximity switch should be selected. The response frequency of this switch is low, but the stability is good. The impact of environmental factors should be considered during installation. If the measured object is magnetic material or magnetic steel is buried in the measured object in order to distinguish the object moving with it, the Hall proximity switch should be selected. Its price is low. Photoelectric proximity switches can be used in places with good environmental conditions and no dust pollution. When the photoelectric proximity switch works, it has almost no impact on the tested object. Therefore, it is widely used in fax machines with high requirements and tobacco machinery. In the anti-theft system, pyroelectric proximity switch, ultrasonic proximity switch and microwave proximity switch are usually used for automatic doors. Sometimes, in order to improve the reliability of identification, the above proximity switches are often used in combination. Regardless of which proximity switch is selected, attention should be paid to the requirements for working voltage, load current, response frequency, detection distance and other indicators.

2023

01-06

What are the advantages of vision system compared with traditional machine vision?

The original resolution of traditional machine vision is not high. In addition, it is also affected by video damage, such as repeated A/D conversion, electromagnetic transmission interference, interlaced scanning, and D1 image synthesis and de-interlacing. When it actually reaches the human eye, it is very blurred. However, in practical applications, the definition does not reach the theoretical value level. The vision system uses digital signal transmission to convert optical signals into digital signals, and then carries out image compression and processing through DSP. Then, the digital compressed video is output through the network. The ordinary vision machine has the ability of anti-electromagnetic interference and progressive scanning, and the image resolution has unparalleled advantages. The vertical resolution of the traditional vision system is 625 lines under the PAL system, 575 lines after blanking, the maximum current limit is 540 lines, and the minimum can reach more than 800 lines. From the above perspective, the maximum resolution of the traditional vision machine can reach D1 or 4CIF, about (400000 pixels), while the vision system has no such limit, and can reach millions of pixels or even tens of millions of pixels, The performance of pixels and sharpness between the two is completely different. The vision system uses the progressive scanning mode to scan each frame of the image through the electron beam. The traditional scanning mode of the vision system uses the interlaced scanning. The interlaced scanning frequency is half of the progressive scanning frequency. Due to the working principle of the interlaced scanning, there are many disadvantages in its application, such as inter-line flicker, parallelism or the zigzag shape of the vertical edge, and other adverse effects, And the overall motion image definition is reduced. The color of vision software may be more realistic than vision. The brightness signal and chrominance signal in the video signal occupy the same frequency band. When the video capture chip is used for comb filtering (bright color separation), it is difficult to completely separate the chrominance and brightness signal, which leads to the color penetration of speckle and image. Machine vision can eliminate the hidden danger because the color is more realistic, more layered, and the image saturation is better. Machine vision needs to wire and match the control line, video line, audio line and power line in an independent form. Wiring is very troublesome and complex, with a large workload, and the cost of integrated wiring is high. There are many limitations in engineering applications.

2023

01-06

How does the machine vision system transmit information to the outside?

Machine vision is an important branch of artificial intelligence with rapid development. In short, it is to use sensors to replace human eyes for detection and judgment. For robots, the unstructured environment mainly refers to the natural environment of farmland. There are many uncertain factors in the unstructured environment of robot operation, such as the changeable natural light, the complex and changeable working space, the diverse posture of working objects, and the mutual occlusion of branches, leaves and fruits, which have become the technical difficulties of information visual perception in robot operation. The vision system is the eye of the robot operating equipment, is the external sensor and information source, and has the advantages of rich perception information and complete information collection. The visual product converts the captured target into an image signal and transmits it to a special image processing system. The system obtains the shape information of the target, and then converts the pixel distribution, brightness and color information into digital signals. The image processing system then performs various operations on these signals to extract the target characteristics, and then controls the action of the field equipment according to the discrimination results. At present, the work information perception technology based on machine vision has become the key technology and research hotspot of agricultural robot intelligence. The most basic feature of vision system is that it can improve the flexibility and intelligence of production. In some dangerous working environments that are not suitable for manual operation or where artificial vision is difficult to meet the requirements, machine vision is often used to replace artificial vision. At the same time, in large-scale and repeated industrial production processes, machine vision technology can greatly improve production efficiency and automation. Because the target of agricultural robot is discrete individual, and its individual characteristics are random and diverse, this non-standard target information increases the difficulty of perception and judgment of agricultural robot machine vision system. Only by having accurate recognition of the working object and accurate perception of the target position can the machine vision system reduce the damage to the working object and improve the success rate and efficiency of the work.

2023

01-06

Development of machine vision system in laser industry

With the development of science and technology, laser processing industry to introduce machine vision system, effectively improve the accuracy of laser processing equipment, intelligent and automatic performance, to meet the quality requirements of modern industrial mass production, reduce the generation of defective products, and save costs. Promote the rapid development of enterprises. Therefore, the emergence of machine vision system detection equipment and machine vision system technology has brought a new development trend to the laser processing industry. Let's take a look at the application of machine vision system in laser processing industry: 1, laser cutting Machine vision system for laser cutting, guide workpiece laser cutting products can accurately cut and wire, smooth edges, can easily cut out any desired shape and size. Laser cutting is used in automobile industry, semiconductor industry, mold industry, raw material industry, consumer goods manufacturing and aerospace industry. Specific applications such as wafer cutting, FPC flexible circuit board cutting, cloth/leather cutting, automotive parts cutting. 2. Laser welding Laser welding plays an important role in precision instrument welding because of its advantages of no welding pollution and no deformation. Machine vision system guidance makes it even better. Specific applications such as auto body plate welding, battery welding, cardiac pacemaker, sealing relay, etc. 3, laser marking Laser marking is widely used in various materials and almost all industries. Machine vision system for fragile materials, small target size, high positioning accuracy requirements, continuous large-scale marking operations to guide positioning, can effectively improve production efficiency, ensure product quality consistency. Specific applications include IC marking, consumer electronics marking, auto parts marking, shoe marking and so on. 4. Laser micromachining Laser micromachining includes fine machining methods such as marking and resistance adjustment, which will cause great error of human eyes. The machine vision system can clearly locate the machining area and guide the laser to work with as little error as possible. Specific applications, such as laser fine tuning, thin film solar cell scribing, etc.

2023

01-06

The main component of industrial machine vision system

With the development of industrial automation, the application of industrial machine vision system will be more and more extensive, coupled with the rapid development of digital image sensor, CMOS and CCD camera, DSP, FPGA, ARM and other embedded technology, image processing and pattern recognition technology, but also for the development of machine vision detection has brought a huge boost. The following is a brief introduction to the main components of industrial machine vision system: 1. Camera and optical components This category usually consists of one or more cameras and lenses (optical elements) used to photograph the object being examined, and depending on the application, the camera can be based on the following criteria, black and white, compound color (Y/C), RGB color, non-standard black and white (variable scan), step scan or line scan. Step 2: Lighting Industrial machine vision system lights are used to illuminate components in order to capture better images from the camera. Lighting systems can come in different shapes, sizes, and brightness. Common forms of lighting are high-frequency fluorescent lamps, leds, incandescent bulbs, and quartz halogen fibers. 3. Component sensor It usually comes in the form of a grating or sensor. When this sensor senses that a component is approaching, it sends out a trigger signal. When the component is in the correct position, the sensor informs the machine vision system to collect the image. 4. Frame grabber Also known as a video capture card, this component is usually a card inserted into a PC. The function of this capture card is to connect the camera to the PC. It takes data from the camera (analog signal or digital signal) and then converts it into information that the PC can process. Industrial machine vision systems can also provide signals that control camera parameters (such as trigger, exposure time, shutter speed, etc.). Image acquisition cards come in many forms, supporting different types of cameras and different computer buses.

2023

01-06

Comprehensively interpret the working process of machine vision system

The concept of machine vision systems has been around for a long time, but in recent years it has really gained popular acceptance. With the development of the Internet, machine vision inspection is a sunrise industry, through the combination of automation equipment, can create value for enterprises. Next, give you a detailed introduction to the working process of machine vision testing equipment: 1. First, the workpiece detector is used to detect whether the object is near or moving to the center of the camera's field of view. Image acquisition card sends trigger pulse signal. 2. The image acquisition card sends the start pulse to the camera or lighting device according to the program and delay preset by the designer, but some cameras and lighting devices start when the system is initialized. 3. The camera stops the current scan and starts a new frame scan; Sometimes the camera needs to be in a waiting state until the initial pulse arrives, and the frame scan begins after the initial pulse arrives. 4. If the exposure strategy is used, the exposure structure should be opened before the camera starts a new frame scan. The exposure time is determined by the program or hardware according to your actual Settings. 5. If using an exposure strategy, use another start pulse to turn on the lighting, especially to match the start time to the camera exposure time. 6. After the camera is exposed, scan and output a frame of image. 7, if the camera output is analog signal, image acquisition card will be the camera received signal A/D conversion, the digital, if the output is digital signal, so it saves the image acquisition card thing. 8, the image acquisition card will send the image signal to the buffer, processor or computer memory for image processing and display. 9, processor or computer image processing, analysis, identification, measurement results or logical control variables, and then according to these results for processing, control other equipment (such as mechanical equipment) to complete the relevant actions, positioning. Correcting motion errors, etc., for example, correcting the position of a mechanical arm.

2023

01-06

What is the position of machine vision systems?

In automated production, machine vision system detection is very important, because machine vision detection can replace manual detection, automatic detection. What position does machine vision system inspection occupy in the whole automation industry? In modern industrial automation production, it involves a variety of inspection, measurement and parts identification applications. For example, automotive parts size inspection and automatic assembly integrity inspection, electronic assembly line component positioning, beverage bottle cap printing quality inspection, barcode and character recognition on product packaging, these applications are common characteristics of continuous mass production and high requirements for appearance quality. . Usually, this highly repetitive and intelligent work is done by the naked eye, but in some special cases, such as accurate and rapid measurements of small sizes, shape matching and color recognition, the naked eye cannot remain stable at all. Other physical quantity sensors are also impossible. With the intensification of competition in the industry, the company's product quality control does not allow even 0.1% defects. As a result, people began to consider using CCD cameras to capture images and send them to a computer or dedicated image processing module. Through digital processing, according to pixel distribution, brightness, color information to determine the size, shape, color, etc. This method combines the speed and repeatability of computer processing with the high intelligence and abstract ability of naked eye vision, thus forming the concept of machine vision detection technology. Machine vision system detection technology is a new detection technology based on computer vision research. It is different from visual pattern recognition and visual understanding in computer vision research. Visual detection technology focuses on the measurement of object geometric size and position, such as the three-dimensional size of the white body, the rapid measurement of the three-dimensional shape of the mold, coaxiality measurement and coplanar measurement of large workpiece, in addition, the detection system of machine vision technology can also automatically detect the whole product, which is also very important for the control of product quality and ensure product quality. With the market development needs of various industries, more and more enterprises pay attention to the continuous introduction of high-tech in order to better stand on the market and enhance the competitiveness of enterprises. In today's increasingly advanced industrial automation, mechanical vision technology is more and more widely used in the industry, but also more and more recognized and favored by users.

2023

01-06

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